Bar five of Schubert'south art song entitled Nacht und Träume. The vocal part, including the melody notes and the text, is in the elevation stave. The two staves below are the piano office.
An art song is a Western vocal music composition, usually written for one phonation with piano accompaniment, and usually in the classical fine art music tradition. By extension, the term "art song" is used to refer to the collective genre of such songs (due east.g., the "art song repertoire").[1] An art song is most often a musical setting of an independent verse form or text,[ane] "intended for the concert repertory"[2] "as role of a recital or other relatively formal social occasion".[3] While many pieces of song music are easily recognized as art songs, others are more difficult to categorize. For case, a wordless vocalise written by a classical composer is sometimes considered an art song[1] and sometimes not.[4]
Other factors assistance define art songs:
- Songs that are role of a staged piece of work (such as an aria from an opera or a song from a musical) are non usually considered art songs.[5] All the same, some Baroque arias that "appear with keen frequency in recital operation"[five] are now included in the art song repertoire.
- Songs with instruments too piano (eastward.g., cello and piano) and/or other singers are referred to every bit "vocal chamber music", and are unremarkably non considered fine art songs.[6]
- Songs originally written for voice and orchestra are called "orchestral songs" and are not usually considered art songs, unless their original version was for solo voice and piano.[seven]
- Folk songs and traditional songs are more often than not non considered art songs, unless they are fine art music-style concert arrangements with piano accompaniment written by a specific composer[viii] Several examples of these songs include Aaron Copland's two volumes of One-time American Songs, the Folksong arrangements by Benjamin Britten,[ix] and the Siete canciones populares españolas (Vii Spanish Folksongs) by Manuel de Falla.
- At that place is no understanding regarding sacred songs. Many song settings of biblical or sacred texts were composed for the concert stage and not for religious services; these are widely known as art songs (for example, the Vier ernste Gesänge past Johannes Brahms). Other sacred songs may or may not exist considered fine art songs.[x]
- A group of art songs composed to be performed in a group to form a narrative or dramatic whole is called a vocal wheel.
Languages and nationalities [edit]
Art songs have been composed in many languages, and are known by several names. The German tradition of fine art song composition is perhaps the near prominent one; it is known as Lieder. In France, the term mélodie distinguishes art songs from other French song pieces referred to equally chansons. The Castilian canción and the Italian canzone refer to songs mostly and not specifically to art songs.
Course [edit]
The composer's musical linguistic communication and interpretation of the text often dictate the formal design of an art song. If all of the verse form'southward verses are sung to the same music, the song is strophic. Arrangements of folk songs are often strophic,[i] and "there are exceptional cases in which the musical repetition provides dramatic irony for the changing text, or where an most hypnotic monotony is desired."[1] Several of the songs in Schubert'southward Die schöne Müllerin are proficient examples of this. If the song melody remains the aforementioned simply the accessory changes nether it for each verse, the piece is called a "modified strophic" song. In dissimilarity, songs in which "each section of the text receives fresh music"[1] are called through-composed. Most through-composed works take some repetition of musical cloth in them. Many art songs use some version of the ABA form (as well known as "song form" or "ternary class"), with a beginning musical section, a contrasting heart section, and a return to the outset section'southward music. In some cases, in the return to the first section's music, the composer may make minor changes.
Performance and performers [edit]
Performance of art songs in recital requires special skills for both the singer and pianist. The degree of intimacy "seldom equaled in other kinds of music"[i] requires that the 2 performers "communicate to the audition the most subtle and evanescent emotions as expressed in the verse form and music".[1] The two performers must agree on all aspects of the functioning to create a unified partnership, making art song operation one of the "well-nigh sensitive type(south) of collaboration".[ane] Likewise, the pianist must exist able to closely match the mood and character expressed past the vocalist. Even though classical vocalists generally embark on successful performing careers as soloists by seeking out opera engagements, a number of today's nearly prominent singers have built their careers primarily by singing art songs, including Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, Thomas Quasthoff, Ian Bostridge, Matthias Goerne, Wolfgang Holzmair, Susan Graham and Elly Ameling. Pianists, too, have specialized in playing art songs with great singers. Gerald Moore, Geoffrey Parsons, Graham Johnson, Dalton Baldwin, Hartmut Höll and Martin Katz are half dozen such pianists who have specialized in accompanying art song performances. The piano parts in art songs tin can be so circuitous that the pianoforte part is not really a subordinate accompaniment part; the pianist in challenging art songs is more of an equal partner with the solo vocalizer. Equally such, some pianists who specialize in performing art song recitals with singers refer to themselves as "collaborative pianists", rather than as accompanists.
Composers [edit]
British [edit]
- John Dowland
- Thomas Campion
- William Byrd
- Thomas Morley
- Henry Purcell
- Hubert Parry
- Frederick Delius
- Ralph Vaughan Williams
- Roger Quilter
- John Ireland
- Ivor Gurney
- Peter Warlock
- Michael Head
- Madeleine Dring
- Gerald Finzi
- Jonathan Dove
- Benjamin Britten
- Morfydd Llwyn Owen
- Michael Tippett
- Ian Venables
- Judith Weir
- George Butterworth
- Francis George Scott
- Rebecca Clarke
American [edit]
Austrian and High german [edit]
- Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
- Joseph Haydn
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- Ludwig van Beethoven
- Franz Schubert
- Felix Mendelssohn
- Fanny Mendelssohn
- Robert Schumann
- Clara Schumann
- Carl Loewe
- Johannes Brahms
- Hugo Wolf
- Gustav Mahler
- Richard Strauss
- Alexander von Zemlinsky
- Arnold Schoenberg
- Anton Webern
- Alban Berg
- Erich Wolfgang Korngold
- Viktor Ullmann
- Hanns Eisler
- Kurt Weill
- Paul Hindemith
- Wilhelm Killmayer
- Josephine Lang
- Emilie Mayer
French [edit]
- Hector Berlioz
- Charles Gounod
- Pauline Viardot
- César Franck
- Camille Saint-Saëns
- Georges Bizet
- Emmanuel Chabrier
- Henri Duparc
- Jules Massenet
- Gabriel Fauré
- Claude Debussy
- Erik Satie
- Maurice Ravel
- Lili Boulanger
- Nadia Boulanger
- Albert Roussel
- Reynaldo Hahn
- Darius Milhaud
- Francis Poulenc
- Olivier Messiaen
- Henri Dutilleux
- Cécile Chaminade
Romanian [edit]
- George Enescu
- Dinu Lipatti
- Pascal Bentoiu
- Irina Hasnaș
Spanish [edit]
Latin American [edit]
Italian [edit]
- Claudio Monteverdi
- Barbara Strozzi
- Gioachino Rossini
- Gaetano Donizetti
- Vincenzo Bellini
- Francesca Caccini
- Giuseppe Verdi
- Amilcare Ponchielli
- Paolo Tosti
- Ottorino Respighi
- Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco
- Luciano Berio
- Lorenzo Ferrero
Eastern European [edit]
- Franz Liszt – Republic of hungary (nigh all his art song settings are of texts in not-Hungarian European languages, such as French and German)
- Antonín Dvořák – Bohemia
- Leoš Janáček – Bohemia (Czechoslovakia)
- Béla Bartók – Hungary
- Zoltán Kodály – Hungary
- Frédéric Chopin – Poland
- Stanisław Moniuszko – Poland
Nordic [edit]
- Edvard Grieg – Norway (set German as well as Norse and Danish verse)
- Jean Sibelius – Finland (set both Finnish and Swedish)
- Yrjö Kilpinen – Republic of finland
- Wilhelm Stenhammar – Sweden
- Hugo Alfvén – Sweden
- Carl Nielsen – Denmark
Russian [edit]
- Mikhail Glinka
- Alexander Borodin
- César Cui
- Nikolai Medtner
- Modest Mussorgsky
- Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
- Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
- Alexander Glazunov
- Sergei Rachmaninoff
- Sergei Prokofiev
- Igor Stravinsky
- Dmitri Shostakovich
Ukrainian [edit]
- Vasyl Barvinsky[11]
- Stanyslav Lyudkevych[11]
- Mykola Lysenko
- Nestor Nyzhankivsky
- Ostap Nyzhankivsky
- Denys Sichynsky[11]
- Myroslav Skoryk
- Ihor Sonevytsky
- Yakiv Stepovy
- Kyrylo Stetsenko
Asian [edit]
- Nicanor Abelardo – Philippines
- Ananda Sukarlan – Indonesia
Afrikaans [edit]
- Jellmar Ponticha
- Stephanus Le Roux Marais
Standard arabic [edit]
- Iyad Kanaan – Lebanese republic
Run into likewise [edit]
- Kundiman
- Song
- Song bicycle
Footnotes [edit]
- ^ a b c d e f grand h i Meister, An Introduction to the Art Vocal, pp. 11–17.
- ^ Art Song, Grove Online
- ^ Randel, Harvard Dictionary of Music, p. 61
- ^ Kimball, Introduction, p. xiii
- ^ a b Kimball, p. xiv
- ^ Meister calls it "a variety of art song" (p. thirteen); Kimball does not include these works in her study of art songs.(p. xiv)
- ^ Meister, p. 14, and Kimball, p. xiv
- ^ Meister refers to them as a "hybrid medium", p. 14
- ^ Benjamin Britten, Complete Folksong Arrangements (61 Songs), edited by Richard Walters, Boosey & Hawkes #M051933747, ISBN 1423421566
- ^ Neither Meister nor Kimball mention sacred songs by and large, but both discuss the Brahms songs and selected other works in their books on art song.
- ^ a b c Composers – Ukrainian Art Vocal Project Archived 2015-04-16 at the Wayback Auto
References [edit]
- Draayer, Suzanne (2009), Fine art Song Composers of Kingdom of spain: An Encyclopedia, Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, ISBN 978-0-8108-6362-0
- Draayer, Suzanne (2003), A Singer's Guide to the Songs of Joaquín Rodrigo, Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Printing, ISBN 978-0-8108-4827-six
- Kimball, Carol (2005), Vocal: A Guide to Fine art Vocal Style and Literature, revised edition, Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Hal Leonard, ISBN978-1-4234-1280-nine
- Meister, Barbara (1980), An Introduction to the Art Vocal, New York, New York: Taplinger, ISBN0-8008-8032-3
- Randel, Don Michael (2003), The Harvard Dictionary of Music, Harvard University Press, p. 61, ISBN0-674-01163-5 , retrieved 2012-x-22
- Villamil, Victoria Etnier (1993), A Vocaliser'southward Guide to the American Art Song (2004 paperback ed.), Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, ISBN0-8108-5217-9
Farther reading [edit]
- Emmons, Shirlee, and Stanley Sonntag (1979), The Art of the Song Recital (paperback ed.), New York: Schirmer Books, ISBN0-02-870530-0
- Hall, James Husst (1953), The Fine art Song, Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Printing
- Ivey, Donald (1970), Vocal: Anatomy, Imagery, and Styles, New York: The Free Press, ISBN0-8108-5217-nine
- Soumagnac, Myriam (1997). "La Mélodie italienne au début du XXe siècle", in Festschrift book, Échoes de France et d'Ialie: liber amicorum Yves Gérard (jointly ed. past Marie-Claire Mussat, Jean Mongrédien & Jean-Michel Nectoux). Buchet-Chastel. p. 381–386.
- Walter, Wolfgang (2005), Lied-Bibliographie (Song Bibliography): Reference to Literature on the Fine art Vocal, Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, ISBN08204-7319-7
- Whitton, Kenneth (1984), Lieder: An Introduction to German language Song , London: Julia MacRae, ISBN0-531-09759-v
External links [edit]
- Hampsong Foundation
- Joy In Singing
- The LiederNet Annal - texts to over 165,000 song works with over 35,000 translations
- Art Vocal Central
- The Art Vocal Project
- The African American Art Song Alliance
- Art Song Composers of Espana
- Canadian Fine art Vocal Project
- Latin American Fine art Song Alliance
- Ukrainian Art Song Project
- Ukrainian fine art songs. Audio files.
- Hispasong.com Spanish vocal music, in English.
- Art Song Colorado
- Canciones de España—Songs of Nineteenth-Century Spain [1]
- lottelehmannleague.org/singing-sins-archive (archived Hawaii Public Radio broadcasts about arts songs)
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_song
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